Causes of male infertility

1. Low sperm count: Normal semen must have certain number of healthy sperm. Insufficient sperm will reduce the chance of pregnancy.

2. Low sperm motility

3. Abnormal sperm morphology

4. Occlusion of the Vas Deferens

5. Obstructive Azoospermia

6. Retrograde ejaculation

7. Varicocele of spermatic vein

8. Functional abnormality of the testis

9. Sexual Dysfunction

Diagnosis

1. Semen Analysis: To evaluate the characteristics of males' semen and their sperms. The specimen will be examined under a microscope to determine the number of sperm present and their movement as well as any abnormalities in their shapes. Past medical history including mumps, medication, surgery and alcoholism are possible reasons for impairment of fertility.

2. Patient¡¦s previous medical history, eg. any infections that may affect fertility, including sexually transmitted disease, mumps orchitis. Some medications may affect sperm fertility eg. anticancer drugs. Some antihypertensives may affect sexual function. Smoking and alcoholism may also be associated with infertility.

3. Examination of genitals

4. Hormonal tests

5. Testicular biopsy

6. Chromosomal analysis